{"claim":{"id":"6a3c4f2e-d561-4d72-873f-2dd3e824105e","submission_id":"61be43c5-a9bb-475b-ba50-105130f0ce1d","submission_revision_id":"51cce10a-56c3-46fd-95e3-3accba3a5b58","builder":"builder-01","status":"active","claimed_at":"2026-10-15T15:39:30.002422Z","delivered_at":null,"ended_at":null,"delivery_note":null,"end_reason":null},"task":{"submission_id":"61be43c5-a9bb-475b-ba50-105130f0ce1d","submission_revision_id":"51cce10a-56c3-46fd-95e3-3accba3a5b58","revision_version":6,"submission_status":"under_review","submitted_at":"2026-10-08T07:07:24.732403Z","submitter_name":"Jixian Liu","submitter_email":"jliu376@jh.edu","task":{"status":"submitted","version":6,"extra_fields":{"difficulty_self_test":{"model":"Claude Opus 5.5","harness":"Claude Code","estimated_score":"20–40%"}},"submitted_at":"2026-10-08T07:07:24.732403+00:00","industry_domain":"Energy & Power Systems","task_short_name":"uhvdc_receiving_end_secure_dispatch","operating_system":"Linux","task_description":"Objective:\nAct as the day-ahead engineer of a UHVDC receiving-end grid modelled on Shandong, China, and deliver the operating plan for three study days together with the emergency controls armed against the largest contingencies. The grid imports up to 20 GW over three HVDC links (two +-800 kV UHVDC links of 8 GW, one +-660 kV link of 4 GW) and has 16 GW of wind, 32 GW of PV (14 GW utility-scale, 18 GW distributed), 3 GW / 6 GWh of batteries, 4 GW of pumped storage, a nuclear plant and 95 coal units. The bipole block of any HVDC link removes its import at once; the stability-control system can then shed pre-armed interruptible load, trip pumping units and switch batteries to discharge 0.2 s after the block, but the load armed for one block is capped at 5 % of the provincial load of that hour (at most 5 %; State Council Order 599 grades a single event that interrupts a large share of the provincial load as an accident). Every hour of the plan must pass the operator's security assessment and the three days together must cost no more than 1.01 x an expert plan's cost (the limit, 515.09 million CNY, is stated in the brief).\n\nStarting State:\nAn offline Ubuntu 22.04 VM (8 vCPU, no GPU, sudo) with STEPS 2.3 (from stepspy import STEPS) and Python 3.10 with NumPy, SciPy, pandas and HiGHS installed.\n- input/TASK.md: the full brief (rules, checks, costs, scoring). input/DATA.md: data dictionary and sources.\n- input/model/: the grid in PSS/E v33 RAW + DYR for STEPS, derived from the Shandong benchmark sd133 of the STEPS distribution (132 buses, 200 lines, 3 LCC HVDC links, GENROU/SEXS/IEESGO/CDC4T/IEEL models) with the 2025 fleet added.\n- input/fleet/: plants and units (capacities, minimum loads, coal consumption curves, start-up costs, minimum up/down times, ramps, inertia), wind/PV plants, batteries, HVDC links, reactor banks, 20 interruptible-load stations.\n- input/days/D1..D3/: hourly demand and distributed PV per bus, available wind/PV per plant (real 2024 weather: 1 May holiday, 23 Aug heat, 22 Jan cold windy heating-season day), HVDC contract schedules, AC tie schedules, initial state.\n- input/rules.json: all limits, criteria and prices.\n- software/sdgrid/: the operator's checker: builds every hour of a plan in STEPS and runs exactly the grader's checks and costing.\n- output/ is empty.\n\nInstructions & Rules:\nFor each day and hour decide: units online and output of every coal plant (the slack plant carries the losses), pumped-storage generating/pumping units, battery power, HVDC schedules (rectifier power, 50-100 % of contract), renewable curtailment, reactor banks at 16 substations, generator voltage set-points, and for each of the three HVDC blocks the armed actions (MW of load per station, pumping units to trip, battery MW).\nPlan rules: unit limits, minimum up/down times, ramps (every coal plant except the slack plant, whose output is set by the power flow), heating-season CHP floors, nuclear fixed, reservoir and battery energy limits with end-of-day energy at least the initial, HVDC bounds and ramps, curtailment only, integer reactor banks; armed shedding <= 5 % of the load and <= each station's cap, pump trips <= units pumping, battery actions within headroom and energy reserve.\nSecurity checks for every hour (STEPS): base-case AC power flow (voltages 0.95-1.05 pu, lines within rating, every machine within its reactive limits, slack within its limits and within 100 MW of the plan); N-1 of every non-radial line; time-domain simulation of each HVDC bipole block with the armed actions (frequency >= 49.5 Hz everywhere, synchronism of the receiving system, voltage recovery, lines within rating at 10 s); a stressed state (demand x1.03, wind x0.8, PV x0.85, AGC re-dispatch) with power flow and the same block simulations.\nCost: coal with carbon price, start-ups, pumped-storage mode changes, battery wear, HVDC reductions, curtailment, arming fees.\nDeliverables: output/plan/<day>/{units,pumped,bess,hvdc,renewables,shunts,emergency}.csv for D1, D2, D3 and output/report.md.\nTime counts: every started minute of the run costs 0.01 of the score (1 point of 100); no minutes are free: final grade = max(0, score - 0.01 x started minutes), so a run longer than 99 minutes scores 0. The clock runs from the end of the task setup to the call of the evaluation (host clock).\nLeave the installed software unchanged: STEPS, the Python interpreter and its standard library, the system Python packages, the shared libraries they load and the system tools and configuration the evaluation runs with (shell, sudo and PAM, core utilities, dynamic linker) are compared with their state at the start of the session, and any changed or added file there scores 0; install extra Python packages with pip install --user or in a virtual environment. Every process still running when the session ends is stopped before grading.","software_licensing":"Free/Open Source","evaluation_criteria":null,"verification_method":"Scoring: score = 0.3 x (weighted share of passed parts) + 0.7 x [every part passed]. Parts and weights: plan rules per day (0.10), base-case AC power flow per hour (0.15), N-1 per hour (0.10), HVDC bipole blocks per hour (0.30), stressed state per hour (0.20), total cost <= 1.01 x the expert plan's cost (0.15). Score 0 if a gate fails (runtime modified - STEPS, the Python interpreter, its standard library, the system Python packages or the shared libraries they load differ from the baseline taken at the start of the session, links or special files in the output) or any plan file of any day is missing or malformed (decided before any simulation: the other days earn no credit).\n\nTime rule (used for grading): final grade = max(0, score - 0.01 x started minutes of the run; no minutes are free); a run longer than 99 minutes scores 0. The run clock is the host time from the end of the task setup (start()) to the call of evaluate(), so nothing on the VM can shorten it and the grading time is not counted; start() leaves an HMAC-signed stamp of the start time in a root-owned file on the VM, and a missing or altered stamp scores 0. evaluate() writes timing.json (elapsed, minutes over, penalty, plan score, final score) next to the grader report.\n\nRuntime integrity and isolation (evaluator-controlled baselines; fail closed; no Python runs on the VM before the runtime is verified and the agent's processes are gone): the trust anchor is the session's own file API (cua-server). Before the agent gets control, start() (a) makes the root-only configuration on the execution path readable for the host check (sudo accepts mode 0444 for /etc/sudoers and /etc/sudoers.d; password history /etc/security/opasswd is not on the execution path and is excluded); (b) records on the pristine VM a manifest of the runtime - every file of /opt/steps-2.3.0, /usr/lib/python3.10 and /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages; the interpreter; the tools of the evaluation commands (env, bash, dash, sudo, find, sort, xargs, sha256sum, cp, sleep, ...); sudo's plugins and configuration, the PAM configuration and modules; /etc/ld.so.cache; every shared library that these and all Python extension modules load, by the path the dynamic linker opens; the places from which code could be started again (systemd units, cron, init.d, xdg autostart, udev rules, crontab, rc.local); and the absence of start-up hijack files (/etc/ld.so.preload, /usr/lib/python310.zip, pyvenv.cfg, pybuilddir.txt, ...) - which the host signs (HMAC; the key is in main.py, never on the VM) after checking that it can read and list every file it will verify; (c) records the processes alive when the VM is handed to the agent (pid and start time; signed). evaluate() then, in this order: (1) checks both signatures (missing or altered -> 0); (2) through the session file API only, re-hashes every manifest file outside the Python and persistence trees, lists the sudo/PAM directories for added files and checks the must-be-absent files - any file it cannot read or list is a failure (fail closed -> 0); (3) isolation: kills, with the verified tools, every process that was not alive at the hand-over (the agent's harness and anything it left running, root or not; kernel threads and the evaluation's own command chain are kept), repeating until none is left (otherwise -> 0), and repeats step 2 to close the window; (4) runs every command with absolute paths under a cleared environment (env -i, bash --noprofile --norc, never a login shell, so the agent's dot files are never read) and recomputes the whole manifest on the VM with the verified tools, which must be byte-identical to the signed one (any changed, added or removed file, persistence entry included -> 0); (5) copies grader, manifest, reference and plan into a root-owned directory (re-read by the host) and only then starts Python: the grader, as root, with python3.10 -I -S -B -X pycache_prefix=<private dir>, which checks its own interpreter state and the manifest once more; a root watchdog kills every new foreign process while the grader runs and a final sweep runs before the result is read; the counts are recorded in timing.json. Checksum records stored on the VM (STEPS' SHA256SUMS, pip RECORD) are not trusted.\nControls through evaluate() on the expert plan, each must score 0 (active controls plant code that leaves a marker file if it ever runs; the marker must stay absent): libSTEPS.so changed + SHA256SUMS regenerated; stepspy changed + SHA256SUMS regenerated; numpy changed + pip RECORD updated; numpy distributor hook with planted code; .pth file with planted code; standard library changed (comment); planted code in os.py; planted code in hashlib.py; /usr/lib/python310.zip shadowing os.py with planted code; pyvenv.cfg next to the interpreter; /etc/ld.so.preload created; PAM session hook for sudo; sha256sum replaced by a wrapper; privileged configuration changed (Defaults env_keep += LD_PRELOAD in /etc/sudoers.d); privileged configuration made unreadable (/etc/sudoers mode 0400); cron entry added; a root process left running by the agent that rewrites the grader report to score 1.0 while grading runs (with one plan file removed, so the true score is 0); signed manifest edited; signature removed. Clean (harmless activity, plus sudo/cat-hijacking functions in the agent's ~/.bash_profile, ~/.profile and ~/.bashrc) must score 1.0 with the hijack never called. Result: 19 of 19 tamper controls score 0.0 and in none of them did the planted code run; the left-running root rewriter was running when evaluate() began, was killed by the isolation step and never wrote (the true score 0.0 was returned); clean -> plan score 1.0, final 0.99 (one started minute), hijack functions never called (evidence/v2_integrity/).\n\nHow: evaluate() runs scripts/grader/grade.py on the VM as root after the agent, in isolated Python (see above), with its own copy of the operator's checker and a pristine copy of the study data from the hidden reference/ (edits to input/ or software/ have no effect). The deliverable is CSV data only; nothing of the agent is executed. The grader verifies the runtime against the signed baseline, then for each of the 72 hours builds the scheduled hour in STEPS and checks:\n1. base case: full Newton-Raphson AC power flow (flat start, var limits) converges; Shandong 500/1000 kV voltages in 0.95-1.05 pu; lines <= rating A; every online machine within its reactive limits (slack included); slack output within its online limits and within 100 MW of the plan;\n2. N-1: every non-radial Shandong line opened in turn: convergence, voltages in 0.90-1.10 pu, lines <= rating A;\n3. HVDC blocks: for each of the 3 links a 10 s time-domain simulation (step 0.01 s) of its bipole block at 0.5 s with the armed actions of that hour at 0.7 s: receiving system in synchronism, frequency of every Shandong bus >= 49.5 Hz, voltages >= 0.70 pu and >= 0.80 pu from 1 s after the block, lines <= rating A at 10 s;\n4. stressed state (demand x1.03, wind x0.8, PV x0.85, AGC re-dispatch of the coal units): power flow (0.93-1.07 pu, slack within limits) and the same three block simulations with the same armed actions (>= 49.5 Hz).\nPlan rules per day: unit counts and limits, minimum up/down times, ramps (every coal plant except the slack plant, whose output is set by the power flow; as in the brief), CHP floors, nuclear fixed, reservoir and battery energy, HVDC bounds and ramps, renewables <= available, reactor banks, armed shedding at most 5 % of the net load (equality allowed, as in the brief) and per-station caps, pump trips <= pumping units, battery actions within headroom and energy reserve. Cost: the checker's costing of the plan (coal with carbon price at the power-flow output of the slack, start-ups, storage wear, HVDC reductions, curtailment, arming fees).\n\nReference: the expert plan (reference_and_evaluation.zip, expert_output/) passes every part: score 1.0 (the time rule is used for grading), total cost 509.99 million CNY (D1 110.79, D2 255.87, D3 143.33); the cost limit is 515.09 million CNY and is stated in the brief. In the expert plan 15-25 % of the block simulations end within 0.05 Hz of the 49.5 Hz limit.\n\nCalibration (plans built by the reference code with one competence removed, graded by the same grader): merit-order heuristic 0.10; unit commitment without a frequency model + maximum arming 0.24; frequency model without the stressed state 0.25; no AC stage 0.19; DC line losses ignored 0.22; reference model in one shot without the verification loop 0.25 (cost +1.2 %, 4 N-1 hours and 1 stressed hour fail); a secure but over-conservative plan (flat 700 MW margin; every security part passes, cost +2.6 %) 0.26. The first plans of the reference loop that pass all security checks cost +1.26 %; only the tightening rounds bring the cost below the limit.\n\nNegative controls on the expert plan (each must fail the intended part, the unchanged plan none): missing file, extra column, slack mis-scheduled by 250 MW, unit above its limit, HVDC above contract, armed shedding above 5 %, no emergency actions, all reactor banks switched in at noon, no reactor banks at night, battery energy violated: 11 of 11 as intended. Zero-score controls through the grader (the expert plan of all three days with one file of one day broken; the final score must be exactly 0.0 with a gate message): missing file, missing day, empty file, extra column, renamed column, missing rows, duplicate rows, text in a number column, blank value, hour 24, unknown emergency target, symlinked file: 12 of 12 score 0.0.\n\nEnd-to-end tests in an offline Ubuntu 22.04 container built with the task's installer: (a) the expert plan copied to output/ -> plan score 1.0, numbers identical to the build that made the reference; (b) the reference workflow run from scratch in the container -> plan score 1.0, total cost 510.52 million CNY (+0.10 %), with a plan different from the expert plan; (c) the expert plan with one file of one day removed -> evaluate() 0.0; (d) time rule: the expert plan handed in at once -> plan score 1.0, 1 started minute -> 0.99; with a valid start stamp 75 min old -> 76 started minutes -> 0.24; garbled or missing stamp -> 0.0.\n\nThe grader takes about 4-6 minutes on 8 cores. A local grading command is in README.txt of the reference zip.","software_and_version":"STEPS 2.3.0 (Simulation Toolkit for Electrical Power Systems, Shandong University, MIT licence; stepspy Python API), Python 3.10, HiGHS 1.15 (highspy), NumPy 2.2.6, SciPy 1.15.3, pandas 2.2.3","specific_requirements":null,"expected_completion_time":null},"files":[{"file_id":"35a87f5a-66e5-4761-8aac-1eef2150f63c","filename":"inputs.zip","category":"input_materials","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","size_bytes":105748},{"file_id":"2dd31e58-e9b5-4053-999c-8727e40b89a9","filename":"reference_and_evaluation.zip","category":"reference_output","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","size_bytes":419665},{"file_id":"177a18d3-a211-460b-b3cf-febbb150f5e3","filename":"rescored_v2.json","category":"difficulty_self_test_evidence","content_type":"application/json","size_bytes":1544},{"file_id":"c28e5624-9a21-4cd6-84ab-d4b5b2c7d869","filename":"timing_ale-opf-v2-cand.json","category":"difficulty_self_test_evidence","content_type":"application/json","size_bytes":155},{"file_id":"4f99f011-a6a0-47d6-afda-73bdb4b6c85d","filename":"timing_ale-opf-v2-cand2.json","category":"difficulty_self_test_evidence","content_type":"application/json","size_bytes":153},{"file_id":"87532b75-4a25-427a-a6ea-cadea06078d1","filename":"timing_ale-opf-v2-cand3.json","category":"difficulty_self_test_evidence","content_type":"application/json","size_bytes":152}],"deep_review":{"overall_verdict":"Accept","review_text":"**Overall Verdict:** Accept — Revision 6 is complete and reachable, with a coherent engineering workflow, compatible reference artifacts, and substantial submitted evaluation evidence.\n\n**Completeness Check:**\n\n- Instruction: Complete — Defines all 72 hourly decisions, operating constraints, emergency actions, output schemas, cost ceiling, and time penalty.\n- Inputs: Complete — Readable network and dynamic models, fleet tables, initial states, and three complete study days; fleet capacities and data dimensions match the brief.\n- Toolchain: Complete — Provides a pinned, open-source STEPS/Python installation path compatible with Ubuntu and offline task execution.\n- Reference output: Complete — Includes all 21 required plan CSVs and the method report. Submitted grading reports record every part passing at 509.99 million CNY.\n- Rubric: Complete — Implements structural gates, operating rules, security simulations, costing, weighted partial credit, completion credit, and host-clock penalties.\n\n**File and Task Reachability:**\n\nAttachments: `reachable`. Task: `reachable`.\n\nInspected `inputs.zip`, `reference_and_evaluation.zip`, `rescored_v2.json`, `timing_ale-opf-v2-cand.json`, `timing_ale-opf-v2-cand2.json`, and `timing_ale-opf-v2-cand3.json`. Downloaded sizes match the manifest. Both archives pass integrity checks and contain readable text, CSV, JSON, and source files without encryption, traversal paths, or unsafe file entries. CSV dimensions, representative records, JSON structures, and reference-plan coverage were checked.\n\nSolver-visible study data and checker files are byte-identical to their evaluator copies; expert plans and solution assets are separately packaged. The completion path is clear: optimize the hourly schedules, verify them with STEPS, submit CSV artifacts, and receive objective evaluation using pristine data.\n\nSubmitted evidence records successful independent-plan construction, malformed-output gates, and runtime-tampering controls. Historical self-tests used different free-time allowances; the supplied rescoring explicitly distinguishes their results under the current rule. STEPS simulations and submitted tests were not independently rerun; auxiliary source inspection was selective, not an exhaustive security audit. No attachment remained unreadable.\n\nLicense keys, accounts, tokens, and other credentials are not required from the contributor. Confidential, proprietary, or internal material may be evaluated as submitted evidence without requiring additional disclosure.\n\n**Special Screening:**\n\nNone. Benchmark-derived network data and disclosed study assumptions do not establish AI fabrication or a publicly available matching task or answer. Public availability was not independently verified because approved search was unavailable.\n\n**Recommended Changes:**\n\nThe coupled optimization, simulation verification, reference artifacts, and control evidence support readiness. No changes are required.","reviewed_at":"2026-10-08T07:16:03.623426Z"},"claim":{"id":"6a3c4f2e-d561-4d72-873f-2dd3e824105e","submission_id":"61be43c5-a9bb-475b-ba50-105130f0ce1d","submission_revision_id":"51cce10a-56c3-46fd-95e3-3accba3a5b58","builder":"builder-01","status":"active","claimed_at":"2026-10-15T15:39:30.002422Z","delivered_at":null,"ended_at":null,"delivery_note":null,"end_reason":null}},"revision_is_current":true}